Nitrosyyliryhmä

Nitrosyyliryhmä, also known as the nitroso group, is a functional group in organic chemistry characterized by the formula -N=O. It consists of a nitrogen atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The nitroso group is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide (CO) and is isostructural with the isocyanide group (-C≡N).

The nitroso group can exist in two tautomeric forms: the nitroso form (-N=O) and the diazenyl form (-N=N-OH). The stability of these forms depends on the electronic environment of the nitrogen atom. In the nitroso form, the nitrogen atom has a formal oxidation state of +1, while in the diazenyl form, it has a formal oxidation state of 0.

Nitrosyyliryhmä is often found in various organic compounds, including nitrosoamines and nitrosoarenes. These compounds can exhibit a range of chemical properties, including reactivity towards nucleophiles and electrophiles. The nitroso group is also a common motif in biological systems, where it can participate in various biochemical processes.

The synthesis of nitroso compounds typically involves the oxidation of amines or the reduction of nitrites. The reactivity of the nitroso group can be influenced by the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents on the nitrogen atom.