Nitrosolobus

Nitrosolobus is a genus of bacteria belonging to the phylum Nitrospirae. These microorganisms are chemolithoautotrophs, meaning they obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Specifically, Nitrosolobus species are involved in nitrification, a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle. They are known to oxidize ammonia to nitrite, a process carried out by the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase.

These bacteria are typically found in soil and aquatic environments where ammonia is present. They are aerobic and have a distinct morphology, often appearing as irregular cocci or short rods. Their metabolic capabilities allow them to thrive in environments where other organisms might not be able to. The genus Nitrosolobus was first described in the early 1980s, and research continues to explore their ecological roles and physiological characteristics. Understanding Nitrosolobus and its role in nitrification is important for agricultural practices and for understanding global nutrient cycling.