Ninsoare

Ninsoare is the meteorological phenomenon characterized by precipitation in the form of snow, consisting of ice crystals that grow as water vapor freezes around microscopic nuclei in the atmosphere. It occurs when air temperatures are at or below freezing and there is sufficient atmospheric moisture for snowflakes to form and reach the ground instead of melting.

Snow crystals form by deposition of water vapor onto nuclei, creating diverse shapes influenced by temperature, humidity, and air currents. The resulting snow can range from light, powdery flakes to heavier, wetter snow. Fresh snowfall accumulates on surfaces depending on ground temperature, wind, and surface roughness, producing varying depths.

Ninsoare is common in temperate and continental climates during winter. It is especially frequent in mountainous regions and at higher latitudes, but weather systems can bring it to lower elevations as well. In Romania, ninsoare is a regular winter phenomenon, impacting travel, energy demand, and daily life during snowy periods.

Forecasting and measurement: snowfall is described by accumulation depth, typically measured in centimeters or inches, and by snow water equivalent, the amount of liquid water contained in the snow. Meteorological services use radar, satellites, weather stations, and numerical models to forecast snowfall and issue advisories and warnings. A blizzard involves strong winds and reduced visibility along with persistent snowfall.

Impacts and response: Ninsoare can reduce visibility, impair roads and air travel, cause power outages, and affect agriculture and construction. Preparedness includes road treatment, travel advisories, school closures, and infrastructure design that accounts for snow load and drainage.