Nikkelikadmium

Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that uses nickel oxide hydroxide as the cathode and metallic cadmium as the anode. They are known for their high energy density, long cycle life, and ability to handle high discharge currents. NiCd batteries are commonly used in applications such as portable electronics, power tools, and electric vehicles.

The chemistry of NiCd batteries involves the following reactions during discharge and charge:

Discharge: Cd + 2NiOOH → CdO + 2Ni(OH)2 + 2e−

Charge: CdO + 2Ni(OH)2 → Cd + 2NiOOH + 2e−

NiCd batteries have several advantages, including their ability to handle deep discharges without significant damage, their relatively low self-discharge rate, and their ability to maintain their charge over long periods of time. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as their sensitivity to overcharging, which can lead to cadmium plating and reduced battery life.

NiCd batteries have been largely replaced by Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in many applications due to their lower cost, higher energy density, and longer cycle life. However, NiCd batteries are still used in some applications where their unique characteristics are beneficial, such as in electric vehicles and certain types of power tools.