Newtonlögmálin

Newtonlögmálin, often referred to as Newton's Laws of Motion, are three fundamental physical laws that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. Formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, these laws form the basis of classical mechanics.

The first law, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. This means that if an object is not experiencing any net force, its velocity will not change. Inertia is the property of matter that resists changes in motion.

The second law quantifies the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass. Mathematically, this is expressed as F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. This law explains how forces cause changes in motion.

The third law, often called the law of action-reaction, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. These forces are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, acting on different objects.

Together, these three laws provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the motion of macroscopic objects under the influence of forces, and have been crucial to the development of physics and engineering.