Neuroleptejä

Neuroleptejä, also known as antipsychotics, are a class of psychiatric medications primarily used to manage psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations. They are also employed to treat bipolar disorder, severe anxiety, and sometimes Tourette syndrome. The term "neuroleptic" itself is derived from Greek words meaning "nerve" and "seize," reflecting their ability to dampen neurological activity.

These medications function by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, most notably dopamine. By blocking dopamine receptors, neuroleptics can reduce the intensity of psychotic symptoms. They are broadly categorized into typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics. Typical neuroleptics, developed earlier, are generally more potent in blocking dopamine but can have a higher risk of motor side effects. Atypical neuroleptics, introduced later, often have a broader effect on neurotransmitters, including serotonin, and are associated with a different side effect profile, sometimes including metabolic issues.

The choice of neuroleptic depends on the specific condition being treated, the individual patient's medical history, and their response to medication. While effective in managing symptoms, neuroleptics can also cause side effects, which may range from drowsiness and weight gain to more serious conditions like tardive dyskinesia. Therefore, they are typically prescribed under careful medical supervision, with regular monitoring for efficacy and adverse reactions. Treatment duration varies, and withdrawal from these medications should always be managed by a healthcare professional.