Neuraminidaasinestäjä

Neuraminidaasinestäjä is a class of antiviral drugs that work by inhibiting the enzyme neuraminidase. Neuraminidase is a protein found on the surface of influenza viruses. It plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by cleaving sialic acid residues on host cells, which allows the release of newly formed virus particles from the infected cell. By blocking this enzyme, neuraminidase inhibitors prevent the spread of the virus within the host.

These drugs are primarily used for the treatment and prevention of influenza A and influenza B infections. They are most effective when administered within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Common neuraminidase inhibitors include oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. These medications can reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms, and in some cases, may prevent complications. They are also used prophylactically in individuals at high risk of developing severe influenza, such as the elderly or immunocompromised, when exposed to the virus.

Neuraminidase inhibitors are generally well-tolerated, with side effects that can include nausea, vomiting, and headache. Resistance to these drugs can emerge, particularly with widespread use, which is a concern for public health. Ongoing surveillance of influenza strains and their susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors is therefore important. The development of new antiviral agents remains an area of active research to combat evolving viral resistance.