Nettomagnetisering

Nettomagnetisering refers to the net magnetic moment of a material. In ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials, unpaired electron spins within atoms contribute to individual magnetic moments. When these materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, these moments tend to align with the field. However, even in the absence of an external field, thermal agitation can cause some misalignment. Nettomagnetisering is the vector sum of all the individual magnetic moments within a given volume of the material. A material with a significant nettomagnetisering is considered to be magnetic. This property is crucial for applications such as permanent magnets, electromagnets, and magnetic storage media. The strength of the nettomagnetisering is influenced by factors like temperature, the presence of an external field, and the material's composition and structure. At absolute zero temperature, the nettomagnetisering is at its maximum, known as saturation magnetization. As temperature increases, thermal energy overcomes the aligning forces, causing the nettomagnetisering to decrease until it eventually reaches zero at the Curie temperature for ferromagnets and the Néel temperature for antiferromagnets.