Nemkizáró

Nemkizáró, often translated as non-excludable, is a key concept in the field of economics, particularly when discussing public goods. It describes a situation where it is impossible or prohibitively costly to prevent individuals from consuming a good or service, even if they have not paid for it. This characteristic is one of the defining features of a pure public good, alongside non-rivalry.

The implication of non-excludability is that individuals have an incentive to "free-ride" on the consumption of others. If a good is non-excludable, a person can benefit from it without contributing to its cost. This can lead to the under-provision of such goods by the private market because producers cannot effectively charge for their use. Consequently, many non-excludable goods are provided or funded by the government through taxation.

Examples of goods and services that exhibit non-excludability include national defense, street lighting, and clean air. It is difficult, if not impossible, to prevent any citizen from benefiting from national defense, regardless of whether they pay taxes. Similarly, once streetlights are installed, everyone in the vicinity can see the light, and it's impractical to meter their usage for individual billing. The concept of non-excludability is crucial for understanding market failures and the rationale for government intervention in certain economic activities.