Natriureetiline

Natriureetiline refers to any substance that promotes natriuresis, which is the excretion of sodium by the kidneys. This process is crucial for maintaining sodium balance in the body and regulating blood pressure. Several naturally occurring peptides and hormones have natriuretic properties.

The primary natriuretic peptides are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). ANP is released by the atria of the heart in response to atrial stretching, typically caused by increased blood volume or pressure. BNP is produced by the ventricles of the heart, also in response to increased ventricular pressure. CNP is found primarily in the vascular endothelium.

These natriuretic peptides act on the kidneys to increase sodium excretion. They inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules, leading to more sodium being eliminated in the urine. This effect helps to reduce the overall sodium content in the body.

Beyond their direct effects on sodium excretion, natriuretic peptides also influence blood pressure regulation through several mechanisms. They promote vasodilation, which widens blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. They also inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormonal cascade that increases blood pressure. Furthermore, natriuretic peptides can suppress thirst and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone, further contributing to fluid and sodium balance.

Due to their roles in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance, natriuretic peptides are important targets for understanding and treating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure.