Naftalinból

Naftalinból, commonly known as naphthalene in English, is a white crystalline solid with a distinct odor that is widely recognized for its use as a moth repellent. Chemically, it belongs to the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, consisting of two fused benzene rings. This compound is derived primarily from coal tar, a byproduct of coal distillation, and is also found naturally in small quantities in crude oil and coal.

Naftalinból is primarily utilized in household products such as mothballs, which help protect fabrics, woolens, and other textiles from moth damage. Its effectiveness stems from its ability to sublimate at room temperature, releasing vapors that deter insects. Beyond pest control, naphthalene has been studied for various industrial applications, including as a solvent and intermediate in the production of other chemicals, though its use in these areas has declined due to health and environmental concerns.

The compound is known to be toxic when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin in significant amounts. Prolonged exposure to naphthalene vapors may cause respiratory irritation, while accidental ingestion can lead to hemolytic anemia, particularly in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Due to these risks, its use in consumer products has been regulated in many countries, with alternatives like paradichlorobenzene or synthetic pheromone-based repellents now preferred.

Environmentally, naphthalene is considered hazardous as it can persist in the soil and water, contributing to pollution. Its degradation is slow, and it may accumulate in aquatic organisms, posing ecological risks. As a result, efforts have been made to minimize its release into the environment, and safer alternatives are increasingly favored in both household and industrial settings.