Nafnakerfið

Nafnakerfið refers to the naming system used in Iceland, encompassing conventions and rules for personal names, how they are chosen, recorded, and, if necessary, changed. It is distinguished by its emphasis on linguistic compatibility with Icelandic language and culture.

A central feature of Nafnakerfið is the Icelandic practice of using patronymic or matronymic surnames rather than fixed family names. A child’s surname is typically formed from the father’s or mother’s given name with the suffix -son or -dóttir, indicating parentage rather than lineage. For many inhabitants, the given name remains the primary identifier, while the surname signals a naming tradition rather than a family inheritance.

Forenames are subject to regulation to varying degrees. Parents may propose new given names to a government-appointed Naming Committee, which assesses whether the name fits Icelandic phonology, grammar, and cultural norms, as well as whether the name is appropriate for the bearer’s gender. Names deemed unsuitable may be rejected or require modification. The aim is to preserve the linguistic integrity of Icelandic and to maintain consistency with the language’s inflectional system.

Official records of names are kept by the National Registry, which handles the registration and any legally required changes to personal names. Individuals may apply to change first names, and, in some cases, surnames, within the framework of applicable laws.

Historically, Nafnakerfið emerged from broader Nordic naming practices and has become a distinctive aspect of Icelandic identity. The system emphasizes language preservation and social-legal norms, linking personal identity with Icelandic linguistic heritage.