NRMs

New religious movements (NRMs) is a term used in sociology and religious studies to describe religious, spiritual, or quasi-religious groups that have emerged in modern times and differ in beliefs, practices, or organization from established traditions. The term is analytic and non-judgmental; some scholars prefer labels such as newer religious groups or fresh religious movements. NRMs often arise in response to social change, cultural pluralism, or perceived gaps in mainstream religion.

Common features include distinctive beliefs or revelations, charismatic leadership, new or reinterpreted scriptures and rituals, and active recruitment and organizational networks. NRMs vary in size from local groups to transnational movements and can be apocalyptic, millenarian, or oriented toward personal or social transformation.

Scholars study NRMs from sociological, anthropological, and religious studies perspectives, examining origins, structures, belief systems, diffusion, and interaction with the wider society. There are ongoing definitional debates about where to draw the line between NRMs and established religions. Research also addresses media representations, legal issues, and questions about control or coercive practices within some groups.

Notable examples include Scientology, Falun Gong, the Unification Church, the Raelian movement, and Aum Shinrikyo. Some NRMs later become established or influence wider religious life, while others decline or merge with other traditions. NRMs are a focus of study for understanding religious innovation, identity, and globalization.