NODSCIDIL2R

NODSCIDIL2R refers to a mouse model of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is deficient in the common gamma chain (IL-2 receptor gamma chain). This deficiency affects the function of several important cytokine receptors, including those for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Consequently, these mice lack functional T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to a severely compromised immune system.

The genetic mutation in NODSCIDIL2R mice, often referred to as the "xid" mutation, is found on the X chromosome. This makes the mutation more prevalent in male mice, though female mice can also be affected. The NOD background of these mice also contributes to their immune deficiencies, as they are characterized by defects in B cell development and macrophage function in addition to the gamma chain deficiency.

NODSCIDIL2R mice are widely used in research to study human immune diseases, infectious agents, and cancer. Their lack of functional immune cells allows for the engraftment of human cells and tissues, such as hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, and tumor xenografts, without rejection. This makes them invaluable for preclinical testing of immunotherapies, gene therapies, and the development of new treatments for a range of conditions, including leukemia, lymphoma, and autoimmune disorders. The model helps researchers understand how human immune cells develop and function in a foreign environment and assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions before human clinical trials.