NAcetylneuraminsäure

N-Acetylneuraminsäure is a term referring to a family of monosaccharides that are derivatives of sialic acid. More commonly known as N-acetylneuraminic acid or Neu5Ac, it is the most prevalent form of sialic acid found in biological systems. Sialic acids are negatively charged nine-carbon sugar molecules that play a critical role in cell-cell recognition and signaling processes. Neu5Ac is a key component of glycans, which are carbohydrate chains attached to proteins and lipids on the surface of cells.

Neu5Ac is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus of animal cells and is then transported to the cell surface. Its presence on the outer surface of cells is crucial for various physiological functions, including immune responses, cell adhesion, and the binding of pathogens. For instance, many viruses and bacteria use Neu5Ac as a receptor to attach to host cells, initiating infection. Conversely, the immune system utilizes Neu5Ac-containing glycans to distinguish between self and non-self.

Beyond its roles in cellular interactions, Neu5Ac is also a significant constituent of breast milk, where it is believed to support the development of the infant's brain and immune system. In recent years, Neu5Ac has garnered interest for its potential health benefits, with research exploring its effects on cognitive function and gut health. It is commercially available as a dietary supplement.