N6metülaadenosiini

N6-methyladenosine, often abbreviated as m6A, is the most abundant and prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). It is a type of RNA base modification, specifically a methylation occurring at the nitrogen atom in the sixth position of adenine. This modification plays a significant role in various post-transcriptional regulatory processes.

The dynamic nature of m6A is controlled by a complex interplay of "writer," "eraser," and "reader" proteins. Writer proteins, such as the methyltransferase-like (METTL) complex, are responsible for installing the m6A mark on RNA. Eraser proteins, like the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) demethylase and alkB homolog (ALKBH) family, remove the m6A modification. Reader proteins, including YTH domain-containing proteins, recognize and bind to m6A-modified RNA, thereby mediating downstream effects.

m6A modifications influence a wide range of RNA processes, including mRNA splicing, nuclear export, translation efficiency, and RNA stability. Emerging research highlights its involvement in diverse biological contexts, such as development, cell differentiation, stress responses, and the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. The study of m6A is a rapidly evolving field, with ongoing efforts to fully elucidate its regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

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