Nápravy

Nápravy are a fundamental component of wheeled vehicles, serving to connect the wheels and support the vehicle's load. Their primary function is to transmit driving forces from the transmission to the wheels and to absorb braking forces. The design of an axle varies greatly depending on the vehicle's intended use, weight, and drivetrain configuration.

In a rigid axle, both wheels are fixed to a single solid beam. This design is common in heavier vehicles like trucks and buses due to its strength and simplicity. However, it can lead to less independent wheel movement, potentially affecting ride comfort and handling on uneven surfaces.

In contrast, independent suspension systems utilize separate axles for each wheel. This allows each wheel to move up and down independently, leading to improved ride quality, better tire contact with the road, and enhanced handling. This is the prevalent design in modern passenger cars.

Axles can also be classified by their role in the drivetrain. A driving axle transmits power from the engine to the wheels, while a dead axle carries the load but does not transmit power. Many vehicles employ a combination of both, with driving axles at the powered wheels and dead axles at the unpowered wheels.

The materials used for axles are typically high-strength steel alloys to withstand the significant stresses and strains they endure during operation. Proper lubrication and maintenance are crucial to ensure the longevity and reliable performance of vehicle axles.