Mälukeelemise

Mälukeelemise, also known as memory encoding or encoding specificity, is a concept in psychology referring to the process by which information is initially learned and stored in the brain. It describes how the context and specific cues present during the initial learning of information can influence its later recall.

The core idea behind mälukeelemise is that memories are not stored in isolation but are linked to the environmental, emotional, and cognitive state in which they were formed. When these retrieval cues, or elements that are similar to the original encoding environment, are present during recall, memory retrieval is often more successful. For example, if someone studies for a test in a quiet library, they may find it easier to recall the information when they are back in a quiet setting.

This principle suggests that the way information is encoded has a direct impact on how it can be accessed later. Different encoding strategies can lead to different retrieval possibilities. Stronger, more distinctive, or more deeply processed memories tend to be encoded more effectively and are therefore easier to retrieve. Conversely, information encoded in a superficial or fragmented manner may be harder to access. Mälukeelemise highlights the interconnectedness of learning and memory, emphasizing that the conditions of learning are crucial for effective later retrieval.