Májtoxicitás

Májtoxicitás, also known as liver toxicity or hepatotoxicity, refers to damage to the liver caused by exposure to certain substances. These substances can include medications, alcohol, certain herbs and supplements, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxins. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic functions, including detoxification, and its susceptibility to damage makes it a common target for toxic agents.

The mechanisms of liver injury vary depending on the toxic agent. Some toxins directly damage liver cells (hepatocytes), while others trigger an immune response that leads to inflammation and destruction of liver tissue. Symptoms of májtoxicitás can range from mild and reversible, such as fatigue and nausea, to severe and life-threatening, including jaundice, liver failure, and even death. The severity of the damage often depends on the dose and duration of exposure, as well as individual factors like genetics and pre-existing liver conditions.

Diagnosis of májtoxicitás typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess liver enzyme levels and function, and sometimes imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent and supporting liver function. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary. Prevention is crucial and involves careful use of medications, moderation of alcohol consumption, and avoiding exposure to known liver toxins.