Myrmecochori

Myrmecochori is a form of seed dispersal where seeds are transported and dispersed by ants. The word itself derives from Greek roots: "myrmex" meaning ant, and "khorismos" meaning separation or dispersal. This strategy is a fascinating example of mutualism, as it often benefits both the plant and the ant.

Many plants that utilize myrmecochori possess seeds with an elaiosome, a fleshy, lipid-rich appendage attached to the seed. Ants are attracted to the elaiosome primarily for its nutritional value, often containing fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Upon finding a seed with an elaiosome, ants will carry it back to their nest. During this process, the seed is moved away from the parent plant, reducing competition for resources and the risk of predation.

Once at the nest, the ants consume the elaiosome. They typically discard the remaining seed, often in a refuse pile, which is rich in nutrients from the ants' waste. This location can provide a favorable microenvironment for germination, with ample moisture and nutrients. The seed is then dispersed as the ant colony expands or moves. This specialized dispersal mechanism has evolved independently in numerous plant families across the globe, demonstrating its ecological significance.