Myrcen

Myrcene, or beta-myrcene, is an acyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon with the formula C10H16. It is one of the most common terpenes in essential oils and is especially abundant in hops, where it can dominate the oil composition, contributing to the fruity, resinous, and herbal character of many beers. It is also a major component of the volatile fraction of many Cannabis varieties and occurs in smaller amounts in bay laurel, thyme, lemongrass, and mango.

Myrcene is a colorless, oily liquid at room temperature. It is highly volatile and flammable and has a boiling point around 166–167°C. It is sparingly soluble in water and readily soluble in most organic solvents. The molecule is an open-chain acyclic monoterpene containing two double bonds; the natural form is the (E)-beta-myrcene isomer. In plants it is produced via the terpenoid pathway from geranyl pyrophosphate, typically catalyzed by myrcene synthase.

In industry, myrcene is valued as a fragrance and flavor ingredient, imparting earthy, musky, and fruity notes. It serves as a chemical building block and precursor in the synthesis of other terpenoids and aroma compounds. Its presence in hops explains part of the characteristic aroma of certain beer styles, while in cannabis it contributes to the overall terpene profile along with other constituents.

Safety and regulation: myrcene is flammable and can be irritating to skin or eyes in high concentrations. As a common fragrance and flavor ingredient, it is typically used within regulated concentration ranges in consumer products.