Mykorritsa

Mykorritsa is the term used in several languages for mycorrhiza, the mutualistic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. In this relationship, fungal hyphae colonize the plant root or extend into the surrounding soil, expanding the root system’s reach and efficiency. The plant provides carbon compounds produced through photosynthesis to the fungus, creating a reciprocal exchange that benefits both partners.

There are two major forms of mycorrhiza. Ectomycorrhiza form a mantle around root tips and a network called the Hartig net between root cortical cells, and they are common in many forest trees such as pines and oaks. Arbuscular mycorrhiza, also known as endomycorrhiza, penetrate the root cortex and form arbuscules inside cortical cells; these associations are widespread among herbaceous plants and many crops and are primarily formed by fungi in the Glomeromycota phylum.

Functionally, the fungal hyphae extend the effective surface area for water and nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus and micronutrients, and improve soil structure through hyphal networks. In return, plants supply sugars and lipids to the fungus. Mycorrhizal networks can connect different plants, allowing the transfer of nutrients, carbon, and signaling compounds under certain conditions.

Ecologically, mycorrhizae are widespread and play a crucial role in plant nutrition, soil health, and ecosystem resilience, especially in nutrient-poor environments. In agriculture and horticulture, mycorrhizal associations are supported through practices such as reduced soil disturbance and, when appropriate, inoculation with beneficial fungi. Some high-phosphorus fertilizers can suppress colonization, and not all plant species form the same types of associations.