Mykorhizní

Mykorhizní refers to the symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. This relationship is mutualistic, meaning both organisms benefit. The fungus, through its extensive network of hyphae, significantly increases the surface area for nutrient and water absorption for the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis. There are two main types of mykorhizní associations: ectomykorhizní and endomykorhizní. Ectomykorhizní fungi form a sheath around the root tips and grow between root cells, but do not penetrate them. This type is commonly found with trees like pines, oaks, and birches. Endomykorhizní fungi, on the other hand, penetrate the root cells, forming structures called arbuscules or vesicles within the cells. Arbuscular mykorhizní fungi (AMF) are the most common type, found in about 80% of plant species, including many agricultural crops. This widespread symbiosis plays a crucial role in plant health, nutrient cycling in ecosystems, and soil structure. It can improve plant drought tolerance, disease resistance, and overall growth.