Muqayyar

Muqayyar is a term used in Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in the Hanafi school of thought, to refer to a person who is not a Muslim but is considered a "person of the Book" (Ahl al-Kitab). This includes Jews, Christians, and Sabians. The concept of Muqayyar is central to the Hanafi school's interpretation of Islamic law, which allows for the coexistence of Muslims and non-Muslims under certain conditions.

The Hanafi school recognizes that non-Muslims who adhere to their respective religious laws and do not engage in activities that are explicitly prohibited in Islam can live in a Muslim state. This is based on the principle of "dhimma," which is a form of protection and coexistence agreement between Muslims and non-Muslims. Under this system, non-Muslims are granted certain rights and protections in exchange for their acceptance of Islamic rule and their adherence to their own religious laws.

The Hanafi school's approach to Muqayyar is distinct from other Sunni schools, such as Shafi'i and Hanbali, which generally do not recognize the concept of dhimma and have stricter interpretations regarding the treatment of non-Muslims. The Hanafi perspective allows for a more flexible and inclusive interpretation of Islamic law, emphasizing the importance of religious tolerance and coexistence.

In summary, Muqayyar refers to non-Muslims who are considered "people of the Book" and are granted certain rights and protections under the Hanafi school's interpretation of Islamic law. This concept is based on the principle of dhimma and reflects the Hanafi school's emphasis on religious tolerance and coexistence.