Multiplexointi

Multiplexointi refers to the process of combining multiple signals, data streams, or communication channels into a single medium for efficient transmission. The term originates from the Latin *multiplex*, meaning "many-fold," and is widely used in telecommunications, computing, and broadcasting. By multiplexing, systems can optimize bandwidth usage, reduce costs, and enhance the capacity of communication networks.

In telecommunications, multiplexing allows different signals—such as voice, video, or data—to be transmitted simultaneously over a single physical line. Common multiplexing techniques include time-division multiplexing (TDM), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). TDM divides a signal into time slots, FDM allocates distinct frequency bands to each channel, and WDM uses different wavelengths of light in fiber-optic communication.

Multiplexing is also fundamental in digital networks, where multiple data packets are merged into a single stream for transmission over Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or internet protocols. This improves efficiency by preventing idle periods in communication channels. In broadcasting, multiplexing enables the simultaneous transmission of multiple television or radio channels over a single signal, such as in digital TV (DVB) or satellite broadcasts.

The inverse process, demultiplexing, separates the combined signals back into their original streams at the receiving end. Multiplexing is essential in modern infrastructure, enabling high-speed data transfer, reliable network operations, and the integration of diverse media types in digital communication systems. Its applications span from telephony and internet connectivity to advanced scientific and industrial data transmission.