Multienzimáticos

Multienzimáticos refer to a class of biological catalysts that incorporate multiple enzymes within a single molecular framework or complex. These systems are designed to facilitate sequential or concerted biochemical reactions, mimicking natural metabolic pathways or engineered processes for enhanced efficiency. The integration of multiple enzymes in a single entity can overcome limitations such as substrate channelling, reduced product inhibition, and improved overall catalytic performance compared to isolated enzyme systems.

In nature, multienzymatic complexes are found in metabolic pathways like those involved in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle, where enzymes are spatially organized to optimize reaction flow. Synthetically, multienzymatic systems can be constructed through various approaches, including protein fusion, co-immobilization, or self-assembly of enzyme-containing nanoparticles. These engineered complexes are particularly valuable in biocatalysis, biosensing, and synthetic biology, where they enable multi-step transformations with higher yields and specificity.

Applications of multienzymatic systems span industries such as pharmaceuticals, where they aid in drug synthesis, and food processing, for example, in the production of biofuels or specialized metabolites. Challenges in developing these systems include maintaining enzyme stability, ensuring proper orientation for substrate transfer, and preventing steric hindrance. Advances in protein engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology continue to expand the potential of multienzymatic approaches, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical processes.