Morfémája

Morfémája refers to the morphemic makeup of a word, i.e., the smallest meaningful units that compose a word and help convey its meaning or grammatical function. In linguistic analysis, words are segmented into morphemes, which may carry lexical content or serve grammatical purposes. The study of morfémák (morphemes) is central to morphology, the branch of linguistics concerned with word formation and structure.

Morphemes are typically classified as free or bound. Free morphemes can stand alone as words, such as a root like “kép” (image) or “book” in English. Bound morphemes cannot stand independently and occur only as affixes (prefixes, suffixes, or infixes), such as the English plural suffix -s or the negating prefix un-.

A further distinction is between derivational and inflectional morphemes. Derivational morphemes create new words or alter the lexical category, as in happy + -ness to form happiness or teach + -er to form teacher. Inflectional morphemes express grammatical information such as number, tense, mood, case, or person, and typically do not change the core meaning or category of the word, as in dogs (dog + -s) or walked (walk + -ed).

Allomorphy describes how a single morpheme can have different phonological realizations depending on context, for example the plural suffix in English pronounced as -s, -z, or -ɪz. Morphemic analysis is used in various areas of linguistics and language technology, including dictionary compilation, lemmatization, parsing, and machine translation.

Overall, morfémája encompasses the structured, meaningful units that underlie word formation and grammatical expression across languages.