Mordovian

Mordovian is a term used for the Mordvin-speaking peoples of the Volga region in Russia, and for their languages. It primarily refers to the two subgroups, Erzya and Moksha, whose languages form the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family.

Geographically, Mordovians are indigenous to the Volga region, with the Republic of Mordovia as the historical and cultural center. Smaller communities are found in neighboring regions and in Russian urban areas as part of the national minority population.

Erzya and Moksha are distinct yet related languages, classified together as Mordvinic within the Uralic family. In modern usage, both languages employ Cyrillic scripts; most speakers are bilingual in Russian. The Mordvin languages are considered endangered, with language use concentrated in home, school, and local media revival efforts.

Historically, Mordovians lived along the Volga and its tributaries, developing rich oral literature, crafts, and seasonal folk customs. Modern Mordovian culture includes music, dance, embroidery, and traditions tied to harvest and family life. Religion is a mix of Orthodox Christianity and older beliefs, often syncretized with local customs. In the Russian Federation, Mordovian cultural rights are supported by regional institutions and minority-language programs.