Montrealprotokollets

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, commonly referred to as the Montreal Protocol, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Adopted on September 16, 1987, it is a landmark agreement in environmental diplomacy, having been ratified by all United Nations member states.

The primary focus of the Montreal Protocol is the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform, among other ODS. These chemicals were widely used in refrigerants, aerosols, foam blowing agents, and fire suppressants. Scientists discovered that ODS were responsible for the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, which shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

The protocol established a schedule for developed and developing countries to progressively reduce and eventually eliminate their use of ODS. It also created a Multilateral Fund to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries to help them meet their compliance obligations. The success of the Montreal Protocol is widely recognized, with significant reductions in ODS emissions achieved globally. Scientific assessments indicate that the ozone layer is on a path to recovery, a testament to the protocol's effectiveness. Its principles have also influenced subsequent environmental agreements.