Monocytogenesin

Monocytogenesin is a term that has been used to refer to the process by which Listeria monocytogenes infects host cells. This bacterium is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic pathogen that can cause listeriosis, a serious infection that can affect humans and animals. The infection typically begins with the ingestion of contaminated food.

Once inside the host, Listeria monocytogenes invades epithelial cells and macrophages. This invasion is facilitated by bacterial surface proteins, such as internalins, which interact with host cell receptors. Following entry, the bacterium escapes the phagosome, a cellular compartment that normally degrades ingested material. This escape is crucial for the bacterium's survival and replication within the host cell.

Inside the cytoplasm, Listeria monocytogenes uses host cell actin to propel itself and move from one cell to another, a process known as cell-to-cell spread. This mechanism allows the pathogen to evade the host's immune system and establish a systemic infection. The term "monocytogenesin" specifically highlights the role of monocytes and macrophages, which are phagocytic cells that the bacterium often targets. The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive and replicate within these immune cells is a key aspect of its pathogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to prevent and treat listeriosis.