Monochloroaniline

Monochloroaniline refers to any of three isomers of the chemical compound with the formula C6H6ClN. Each isomer consists of a benzene ring substituted with both a chlorine atom and an amino group. The three isomers are ortho-chloroaniline (2-chloroaniline), meta-chloroaniline (3-chloroaniline), and para-chloroaniline (4-chloroaniline), differing in the relative positions of the chlorine and amino substituents on the benzene ring.

These compounds are typically colorless to light yellow liquids or solids, depending on the specific isomer and purity. They are sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Monochloroanilines are primarily used as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides.

The production of monochloroanilines generally involves the chlorination of aniline or the reduction of nitrochlorobenzenes. Their handling requires caution due to potential toxicity. Exposure can occur through inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion. Health effects can include irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and in more severe cases, methemoglobinemia, a condition affecting the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Environmental concerns also exist, as they can be persistent in the environment and toxic to aquatic life. Proper safety precautions and waste disposal methods are essential when working with these substances.