Mikrovesiikulid

Mikrovesiikulid, often translated as microvesicles, are small, membrane-bound sacs released from cells. They are a type of extracellular vesicle, which are tiny packages that cells use to communicate with each other. These vesicles are formed through various cellular processes, including budding from the plasma membrane. Microvesicles vary in size, typically ranging from 30 to 1000 nanometers in diameter, though some sources define a narrower size range.

The content of microvesicles is diverse, reflecting their origin. They can carry a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNAs (miRNAs). These cargo molecules are transferred to recipient cells when the microvesicles fuse with them or are taken up by endocytosis. This transfer allows for intercellular communication, influencing the functions of the receiving cells.

Microvesicles play roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. They are involved in immune responses, blood coagulation, tissue repair, and the spread of infectious agents. In disease contexts, they have been implicated in cancer progression, metastasis, and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Their ability to transport specific molecules makes them attractive targets for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Research into microvesicles is ongoing, aiming to further understand their complex functions and harness their potential in medicine.