Mikroszaporítás

Mikroszaporítás, also known as micropropagation or plant tissue culture, is a technique used to propagate plants rapidly in vitro. It involves the sterile cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs on a nutrient medium. This method allows for the production of a large number of genetically identical plants from a small amount of starting material. The process typically begins with selecting a healthy parent plant and excising a small piece of tissue, often a shoot tip or leaf segment, known as an explant. This explant is then sterilized and placed on an agar-based medium containing essential nutrients, plant hormones, and vitamins. Under controlled environmental conditions, such as specific light and temperature, the explant develops into callus, a mass of undifferentiated cells, or directly into shoots. These shoots are then typically transferred to a different medium to encourage root development. Once a complete plantlet has formed, it is acclimatized to ex vitro conditions before being transplanted. Mikroszaporítás is widely used in horticulture, agriculture, and forestry for mass production of desirable plant varieties, including those that are difficult to propagate by conventional methods, such as by seeds or cuttings. It is also valuable for producing disease-free plants and for the rapid multiplication of endangered species.