Mikroskoopiline
Mikroskoopiline describes objects, processes, or structures that are visible only with the aid of a microscope. In practice, mikroskoopiline refers to features typically measured in micrometres or nanometres, far smaller than what the naked eye can resolve. The term is used across disciplines such as biology, materials science, geology and medicine to distinguish the micro-scale from the macro-scale.
Techniques used to study mikroskoopiline phenomena include light microscopy (bright-field, phase-contrast, fluorescence) for stained or live
Historically, optical microscopes emerged in the 17th century, with early observations by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Electron
Applications span biology (cell organelles, bacteria, viruses), materials science (microstructure, defects, nanoparticles), geology (microfossils, mineral grains),
Related topics include microscopy, nanotechnology, histology, and microfabrication.