Middelhøjtyskefransk

Middelhøjtyskefransk refers to a linguistic phenomenon observed during the Middle High German period, specifically the influence of French language and culture on the German vernacular. This influence was primarily a result of extensive contact between German and French speakers, particularly in courtly circles, during the High Middle Ages (roughly 1050-1350).

French was the language of chivalry, courtly love, and much of the sophisticated literature of the time. German-speaking nobility and knights often adopted French customs, fashion, and vocabulary. This cultural exchange inevitably led to the borrowing of numerous words from Old French and later Middle French into Middle High German. These borrowings are evident across various domains, including warfare (e.g., 'turnier' from 'tournoi'), courtly life (e.g., 'palas' from 'palais'), fashion (e.g., 'robe' from 'robe'), and abstract concepts.

The linguistic impact was not limited to individual word borrowings. French syntax and sentence structures also saw some adoption, although to a lesser extent. The phenomenon of middelhøjtyskefransk played a significant role in enriching the vocabulary and expressive capabilities of Middle High German, contributing to its development as a literary language. Traces of this French influence can still be found in modern German vocabulary.