Microencapsulated

Microencapsulation is a process in which small particles or droplets are surrounded by a protective coating to form microcapsules, typically 1 to 1000 micrometers in diameter. The encapsulated core can be an active ingredient such as a drug, flavor, essential oil, enzyme, or pesticide, paired with a shell material that controls release and protects the core from environmental factors.

Common methods include coacervation, spray drying, extrusion, fluidized-bed coating, spray cooling, and interfacial polymerization. Emulsion templating and layer-by-layer deposition are used in some systems. The chosen method depends on the core properties, desired release profile, and production scale.

Shell materials range from natural polymers such as gelatin, alginate, gum arabic, and chitosan to synthetic polymers like polyurethanes and acrylics; inorganic coatings such as silica also appear in some products.

Applications span food and beverages for flavor and vitamin protection, pharmaceuticals for controlled release and taste masking, cosmetics for stable fragrances and actives, and agriculture for controlled-release pesticides and fertilizers.

Advantages include protection of sensitive ingredients, reduced volatility, and tailored release. Challenges involve cost and scalability, shell integrity under storage conditions, and regulatory considerations for safety and labeling. Environmental impact and recyclability of coatings are increasingly considered in material choice and design.