Microekonómia

Microekonómia is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and how they make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. It focuses on the interaction between these agents in markets and the resulting prices and quantities of goods and services. Key concepts within microeconomics include supply and demand, elasticity, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition), consumer theory, and producer theory.

The primary goal of microeconomic analysis is to understand how individual choices influence overall market outcomes. For instance, it examines how consumers decide what to buy given their budget constraints and preferences, and how firms decide what to produce and how much to charge to maximize profits. Microeconomics also analyzes the role of government intervention in markets, such as taxation, subsidies, and regulation, and their potential effects on efficiency and equity.

Microeconomic principles are applied in various fields, including industrial organization, labor economics, public finance, and environmental economics. By understanding the fundamental principles of microeconomics, individuals and policymakers can make more informed decisions about resource allocation and economic policy. The insights gained from microeconomic analysis help explain phenomena ranging from the price of a loaf of bread to the wage rate for a particular job.