Microélément

Microélément, also known as trace element, refers to chemical elements that are essential for the health and proper functioning of living organisms, but are required in very small quantities. Despite their minimal concentration, these elements play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes, including enzyme activity, hormone synthesis, and cellular metabolism. They are often components of enzymes, vitamins, and other vital molecules, acting as cofactors that facilitate chemical reactions.

The specific microéléments required vary among different species, but common examples in humans include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum. Iron is vital for oxygen transport in the blood, while zinc is important for immune function and wound healing. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, which regulates metabolism. Deficiencies in these microéléments can lead to various health problems and disorders. For instance, iron deficiency causes anemia, and iodine deficiency can result in goiter and developmental issues.

Conversely, excessive intake of certain microéléments can also be detrimental, leading to toxicity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced intake through diet or supplements is crucial. Soil and water composition can influence the availability of microéléments in food, making geographical location a factor in nutritional status. Research continues to explore the precise roles and optimal levels of various microéléments for human and animal health.