Methylformate

Methyl formate is a chemical compound with the formula HCOOCH3. It is the simplest ester of formic acid and methanol. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure. Methyl formate has a distinctive ethereal odor and is highly flammable. It is also soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

Industrially, methyl formate is produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide and methanol under pressure in the presence of a catalyst, typically sodium methoxide. It can also be formed by the esterification of formic acid with methanol.

Methyl formate finds applications as a solvent, particularly for cellulose nitrate, and in the production of other chemicals, such as formic acid and formamide. It has been used as a fumigant and an insecticide. Due to its flammability and potential health hazards, handling and storage require careful precautions. Exposure can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.