Metallokarboxypeptidases

Metallocarboxylation is a chemical reaction that involves the incorporation of a carboxyl group (-COOH) into an organic molecule using a metal catalyst. This process typically occurs at a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond, effectively functionalizing the organic substrate with a carboxylic acid moiety. The term "metallocarboxylation" itself is a portmanteau derived from "metal," "carboxyl," and "-ation," signifying the metal-catalyzed addition of a carboxyl group.

The mechanism of metallocarboxylation often involves the activation of the C-H bond by a transition metal catalyst, followed by insertion of carbon monoxide (CO) and subsequent reaction with a proton source or other nucleophile to form the carboxyl group. Various transition metals, such as palladium, rhodium, and iridium, have been employed as catalysts for these transformations. The choice of catalyst, ligands, and reaction conditions can significantly influence the efficiency, selectivity, and scope of the reaction.

This reaction is valuable in organic synthesis for its ability to directly functionalize inert C-H bonds, avoiding the need for pre-functionalized starting materials. It offers a more atom-economical and streamlined approach to synthesize carboxylic acids and their derivatives, which are important building blocks in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Research in this area focuses on developing more robust, selective, and environmentally friendly catalytic systems, as well as expanding the range of applicable substrates.