Metadinitrobenezene

Metadinitrobenezene, also known as 1,3-dinitrobenezene or m-dinitrobenezene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(NO2)2. It is one of three structural isomers of dinitrobenezene, the others being ortho-dinitrobenezene and para-dinitrobenezene. At room temperature, metadinitrobenezene is a pale yellow crystalline solid. It is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and benzene.

The compound is typically synthesized by the dinitration of benzene under harsh conditions, usually involving a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The nitro groups are electron-withdrawing, which deactivates the benzene ring towards further electrophilic substitution, making the formation of trinitrobenezene more difficult. Metadinitrobenezene serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds. For example, it can be reduced to meta-phenylenediamine, which is used in the production of dyes, polymers, and pharmaceuticals.

Metadinitrobenezene is considered a hazardous substance. It is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Exposure can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced. It is also an irritant to the skin and eyes. Due to its explosive properties, particularly when impure or heated rapidly, it requires careful handling and storage.