Membránfiltrációk

Membránfiltrációk, commonly referred to as membrane filtration in English, is a broad term encompassing a range of separation processes that use semipermeable membranes to separate particles, macromolecules, and ions from a liquid or gas. These processes are driven by a pressure difference across the membrane, which acts as a barrier. Different types of membrane filtration exist, distinguished by the pore size of the membrane and the operating pressure.

Microfiltration (MF) operates with the largest pore sizes, typically used to remove suspended solids, bacteria, and larger colloids. Ultrafiltration (UF) has smaller pores than microfiltration, capable of retaining macromolecules like proteins and viruses. Nanofiltration (NF) has even finer pores, allowing for the removal of divalent ions, small organic molecules, and some viruses. Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most selective process, employing membranes with the smallest pores to separate dissolved salts and ions from water, effectively purifying it.

The applications of membrane filtration are diverse and widespread. They are crucial in water treatment for producing potable water, wastewater treatment, and desalination. In the food and beverage industry, they are used for clarification, concentration, and sterilization. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes membrane filtration for drug purification and sterile filtration. Furthermore, membrane processes are employed in the chemical industry for product separation and purification, and in biotechnology for cell harvesting and protein concentration. The efficiency, selectivity, and environmental friendliness of membrane filtration have made it an indispensable technology in modern industrial processes.