Masticas

Masticas is a term that usually refers to the resin from the mastic tree, Pistacia lentiscus, or to products derived from it, such as chewing gum and flavoring agents. The resin, also called mastic or mastiha, is produced primarily on the Greek island of Chios, where the tree is cultivated and resin is harvested by scoring the trunk and allowing droplets to exude. The resin hardens into tears that are scraped off, dried, and cleaned. Grading is based on size and purity.

The composition is predominantly terpenes and essential oils; major components include α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and mastic oil. The aroma is distinctively piney and resinous.

Uses include culinary applications—flavoring in sweets such as loukoum and ice creams, liqueurs, and chewing gum—as well as traditional medicine, dental products, and, in cosmetics and perfumery.

History and culture: mastic has been traded since antiquity and is protected as a geographical indication product of Chios. There is a traditional community of producers known as Mastihoí, and harvesting typically occurs from spring to late summer.

Safety and regulation: masticas are generally recognized as safe for consumption in appropriate amounts, though some individuals may be allergic. There is ongoing research into antimicrobial and digestive properties, including potential protective effects against ulcers, but evidence remains mixed.

See also: mastic resin, Pistacia lentiscus, Chios Mastiha.