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Martonne

Martonne is a French surname that appears in academic and historical contexts. The most prominent figure bearing the name is Emmanuel de Martonne (1873–1956), a French geographer and professor at the University of Paris. He contributed to both physical and political geography, with studies spanning European and Near Eastern regions. He is best known for developing the aridity index that bears his name, which has had a lasting impact on climate and regional planning research.

The Martonne aridity index is a simple measure used to assess the dryness or humidity of a

While useful, the Martonne index has limitations. It does not capture seasonal rainfall patterns, evapotranspiration, or

In addition to Emmanuel de Martonne, the surname appears in broader discussions of geography and history, reflecting

climate.
It
is
defined
as
I
=
P
/
(T
+
10),
where
P
is
the
total
annual
precipitation
in
millimeters
and
T
is
the
mean
annual
temperature
in
degrees
Celsius.
Lower
values
indicate
drier
conditions,
while
higher
values
indicate
wetter
conditions.
The
index
is
widely
used
in
climatology,
hydrology,
agronomy,
and
environmental
planning
due
to
its
ease
of
calculation
from
available
climate
data
and
its
applicability
across
broad
geographic
scales.
groundwater
contributions,
and
its
results
can
be
sensitive
to
data
quality
and
chosen
baseline
periods.
Despite
these
caveats,
the
index
remains
a
common
tool
for
quick
climate
classification
and
comparative
studies,
and
it
is
frequently
cited
in
geographic
and
environmental
literature
as
a
straightforward
indicator
of
aridity.
the
lasting
influence
of
his
contributions
to
the
field.