Margalla

Margalla is a range of low-lying hills located in the northern part of Pakistan, specifically in the Islamabad Capital Territory and the adjacent areas of Punjab province. The name "Margalla" is derived from the Punjabi word *marg*, meaning "edge" or "boundary," and *alla*, which refers to the red sandstone found in the region. The hills form the western extension of the Siwalik Range, part of the Himalayan foothills, and stretch approximately 30 kilometers from the Margalla Hills National Park in the west to the Rawalpindi Ridge in the east.

The Margalla Hills are renowned for their ecological significance, serving as a vital habitat for diverse flora and fauna. The region supports a variety of plant species, including deodar cedar, pine, and oak, while wildlife such as leopards, sloth bears, and numerous bird species can also be found within its boundaries. The hills are a popular destination for hiking, picnicking, and nature walks, offering scenic views of the surrounding plains and the Margalla Hills National Park, established in 1974, which covers a significant portion of the range.

Historically, the Margalla Hills have played a strategic role in the region's defense, as they provide a natural barrier against invasions from the north. During British colonial rule, the area was developed as a recreational space for officials, with the Margalla Duke’s Garden—a man-made lake and park—constructed in the late 19th century. Today, the hills remain an important green space within Islamabad, providing urban residents with access to nature and serving as a buffer against urban expansion.

The Margalla Hills also hold cultural and historical importance, with archaeological sites and remnants of ancient settlements scattered across the region. The area is occasionally used for outdoor events, including concerts and exhibitions, further highlighting its role as a community space. Conservation efforts continue to protect the ecosystem, balancing recreational use with environmental preservation.