Maradékmagnetizáció

Maradékmagnetizáció, often translated as remanence or residual magnetism, refers to the magnetic field that remains in a ferromagnetic material after an external magnetic field has been removed. When a ferromagnetic material is exposed to a magnetic field, its magnetic domains align themselves with the external field. Upon removal of this field, not all of these domains return to their original random orientation. Instead, a certain degree of alignment persists, creating a net magnetic moment.

This residual magnetism is a crucial property in many applications. For instance, it is fundamental to the operation of permanent magnets, which retain their magnetism indefinitely after being magnetized. In magnetic storage devices, such as hard disk drives and magnetic tapes, maradékmagnetizáció is used to store information. The direction and strength of the residual magnetization in specific areas represent binary data (0s and 1s).

The amount of maradékmagnetizáció retained by a material depends on its magnetic properties, particularly its coercivity. Materials with high coercivity are more resistant to demagnetization and therefore retain a stronger residual magnetic field. Conversely, materials with low coercivity are easily magnetized and demagnetized. The measurement of this residual magnetization is often referred to as remanent magnetization or remanence, and its value is typically expressed in units of magnetic flux density, such as Tesla (T) or Gauss (G).