Maksosolujen

Maksosolujen, also known as hepatocytes, are the primary functional cells of the liver. These highly specialized cells constitute about 80% of the liver's mass and play a crucial role in a vast array of metabolic, endocrine, and detoxification functions. Hepatocytes are large, polygonal cells with one or more nuclei. They are arranged in irregular cords, forming hepatic lobules, which are the functional units of the liver.

The metabolic activities of maksosolujen are extensive. They are central to carbohydrate metabolism, storing glucose as glycogen and releasing it when blood glucose levels drop. They are also vital for lipid metabolism, synthesizing cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides, and breaking down fatty acids for energy. Protein synthesis is another key function, with hepatocytes producing most of the plasma proteins, including albumin and clotting factors.

In addition to metabolic roles, maksosolujen are heavily involved in detoxification. They process and neutralize toxic substances absorbed from the digestive tract, such as drugs, alcohol, and metabolic byproducts, converting them into less harmful compounds that can be excreted from the body. They also synthesize bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Maksosolujen are remarkably regenerative, capable of regrowing after injury, a characteristic that contributes to the liver's resilience. Their continuous activity and versatility make them indispensable for maintaining overall health and homeostasis.