Makrotsüklilise

Makrotsüklilise refers to a class of chemical compounds characterized by the presence of a large ring structure, typically containing at least twelve atoms in the ring. These large cyclic molecules are found in various natural products and also synthesized in laboratories for specific applications. The size and specific atoms forming the macrocycle dictate the compound's properties and reactivity.

Many biologically active compounds, such as antibiotics like erythromycin and rapamycin, are macrocyclic. These molecules often exhibit complex three-dimensional structures that are crucial for their interactions with biological targets, such as enzymes or receptors. The macrocyclic structure can confer unique properties like solubility, stability, and membrane permeability, which are important for their pharmacological activity.

In organic chemistry, the synthesis of macrocycles presents unique challenges due to the entropic unfavorability of forming large rings. Specialized synthetic strategies, such as high-dilution techniques and template-assisted cyclizations, are often employed to overcome these challenges. The study of macrocyclic chemistry is important for understanding natural product biosynthesis and for developing new pharmaceuticals, materials, and catalysts. The term itself is derived from the Greek words "makros" meaning large and "kyklos" meaning circle.