Majoritarianism

Majoritarianism is a principle in political theory and constitutional practice that holds that the will of the majority should prevail in political decision-making, typically expressed through elections and majority votes in representative bodies. In practice, majoritarian systems emphasize simple or absolute majority rule, where the option receiving more than half of votes or seats forms the government or enacts policy. Common features include single-member districts with plurality voting and governments that command a clear mandate. This approach is contrasted with pluralist or consensus models that seek broad coalitions and minority voices in decision-making. Supporters argue it yields clear mandates, accountability, and efficient policy outcomes; critics warn it can marginalize minorities and erode protections for dissent.

Liberal democracies often mitigate majoritarian excesses with constitutional limits, the rule of law, and explicit minority rights. Variations include supermajority requirements for constitutional amendments or other institutional checks that prevent temporary majorities from infringing long-term rights. Examples of majoritarian practice appear in parliamentary systems with strong party discipline and elections that frequently produce decisive governing majorities; however, constitutional design and electoral rules can alter outcomes and protect minority interests. In political theory, majoritarianism is debated for balancing effective rule with protection of minority rights, and for concerns about the tyranny of the majority.