Majanduskõikumiste

Majanduskõikumised, also known as economic fluctuations or business cycles, refer to the recurring but irregular upswings and downswings in aggregate economic activity. These cycles are characterized by periods of expansion, where the economy grows, followed by periods of contraction, often referred to as recessions. During expansion, key economic indicators like gross domestic product (GDP), employment, industrial production, and retail sales tend to increase. Consumers are more confident, businesses invest more, and unemployment rates typically fall.

Conversely, during a recession, these indicators typically decline. GDP shrinks, businesses may lay off workers, investment slows, and consumer spending decreases. Recessions are often marked by rising unemployment and reduced business profits. The business cycle is not a fixed timetable; the duration and intensity of expansions and contractions can vary significantly. Economists study these cycles to understand their causes, predict their patterns, and develop policies aimed at mitigating their negative effects and promoting stable economic growth. Various factors, including changes in consumer demand, technological advancements, monetary policy, fiscal policy, and external shocks, can influence the timing and severity of economic fluctuations.